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有計劃的商品經(jīng)濟

1984年10月，黨的十二屆三中全會一致通過《中共中央關(guān)于經(jīng)濟體制改革的決定》，明確提出“社會主義經(jīng)濟是在公有制基礎(chǔ)上的有計劃的商品經(jīng)濟”。有計劃的商品經(jīng)濟相對于完全由市場調(diào)節(jié)的經(jīng)濟而言，即在生產(chǎn)資料公有制基礎(chǔ)上，自覺運用和依據(jù)價值規(guī)律，對商品生產(chǎn)和交換進行計劃調(diào)節(jié)的社會主義經(jīng)濟體制。決定還指出，“商品經(jīng)濟的充分發(fā)展，是社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的不可逾越的階段，是實現(xiàn)我國經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)代化的必要條件”，“實行計劃經(jīng)濟同運用價值規(guī)律、發(fā)展商品經(jīng)濟，不是互相排斥的，而是統(tǒng)一的，把二者對立起來是錯誤的”。這一提法改變了以往“計劃經(jīng)濟為主，市場調(diào)節(jié)為輔”的表述，表明中國共產(chǎn)黨改變了以往在經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中將計劃經(jīng)濟同商品經(jīng)濟對立起來的傳統(tǒng)認識，是對傳統(tǒng)社會主義經(jīng)濟理論的重大突破，極大地豐富和發(fā)展了社會主義政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)和科學(xué)社會主義，為中國的經(jīng)濟體制改革提供了科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)和總的指導(dǎo)思想，構(gòu)成經(jīng)濟體制改革綱領(lǐng)的理論支柱。這一論斷指明了中國當時階段經(jīng)濟體制改革的方向，是國家經(jīng)濟建設(shè)從以往的計劃經(jīng)濟向市場經(jīng)濟邁出的關(guān)鍵一步，為日后社會主義市場經(jīng)濟理論的提出做了鋪墊。

此后，黨的十三大把社會主義有計劃商品經(jīng)濟的新體制界定為計劃和市場內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一的體制，并提出“國家調(diào)節(jié)市場，市場引導(dǎo)企業(yè)”的經(jīng)濟運行模式，中國經(jīng)濟體制改革進一步走向深入。

A market economy based on central planning

A decision on economic restructuring adopted unanimously by the 12th CPC Central Committee at its third plenary session in October 1984 defined China's socialist economy as a market economy based on central planning and public ownership. Such an economy differs from a full market economy in that it is a socialist economic system based on public ownership of the means of production and relies on planning, as well as market mechanisms, to regulate the production and exchange of goods. The decision pointed out that full development of a market-oriented economy was an inevitable step in China's social and economic development and a prerequisite for economic modernization. It added that central planning and a focus on market mechanisms and development of a market economy were not mutually exclusive, but could be mutually complementary, and that it was wrong to pit one against the other. This new understanding replaced a previous formula that assigned central planning a leading role and market mechanisms a supporting role. The change represented a clear departure from the traditional dichotomy of planned economy versus market economy and a breakthrough in socialist economic theory. It significantly enriched socialist economics and scientific socialism, expanded the realms of these theories, and provided a solid theoretical foundation and an overarching guiding framework for China's economic restructuring. It mapped the future direction for economic restructuring, marked an important step towards building a market economy, and paved the way for developing a theory of socialist market economy. 

The 13th CPC National Congress defined the new socialist market economy system based on central planning as one that integrates the role of planning and that of the market, with the government regulating the market and businesses responding to market signals. Guided by this new approach, restructuring gathered new momentum.