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　　如今，報(bào)知春節(jié)迫近的已經(jīng)不再是臘八粥的香味，而是媒體上充滿壓力的熱火朝天的春運(yùn)了。每入臘月，春運(yùn)有如颶風(fēng)來(lái)臨，很快就勢(shì)頭變猛，愈演愈烈；及至臘月底那幾天，春運(yùn)可謂排山倒海，不可阻遏。每每此時(shí)我都會(huì)想，世界上哪個(gè)國(guó)家有這種一年一度上億人風(fēng)風(fēng)火火趕著回家過(guò)年的景象？

　　Today, the advent of Spring Festival is no longer heralded by the aroma of laba porridge1, but by the hustle and bustle of Spring transport, or "Spring travel" from the passengers' point of view, that gets thickly covered in the media. When the year enters its twelfth lunar month, "Spring transport" gets under way like a hurricane, gathering momentum each day. Toward the end of the month, it sweeps all over the country with an overwhelming force. When this happens, I cannot help wondering if there is such a thing in any other country that, once a year, millions upon millions of people rush home for their New Year.

　　我們一直把春運(yùn)當(dāng)做一種客運(yùn)交通的非常時(shí)期，并認(rèn)為這是中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)階段千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工帶來(lái)的特殊的交通狂潮，春運(yùn)的任務(wù)只是想方設(shè)法完成這種舉世罕見(jiàn)的客運(yùn)重負(fù)?？墒?，如果換一雙文化的眼睛，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，春運(yùn)真正所做的是把千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)在外工作的人千里迢迢送回他們各自的家鄉(xiāng)，去完成中國(guó)人數(shù)千年來(lái)的人間夢(mèng)想：團(tuán)圓。

　　We look at "Spring transport" as a special period of passenger transport, and think of it as a crazy traffic torrent resulting from the movement of hundreds of thousands of rural people into the cities for employment, a phenomenon of China, characteristic of its development at current stage. The object of "Spring transport" is, by resorting to all kinds of resources available, to fulfill the unparalleled heavy task of taking the passengers to their destinations. However, if we perceive it as a cultural phenomenon, we will see that what "Spring transport" does is to take the people working elsewhere back home for family reunion, a highly cherished dream of the Chinese people over history.

　　前些年在火車(chē)站碰到的一個(gè)情景使我至今難忘。大約是農(nóng)歷臘月二十九吧，一個(gè)又矮又瘦的中年男子趕火車(chē)回家?；疖?chē)馬上要開(kāi)，車(chē)門(mén)已經(jīng)關(guān)上。這男子急了，大概他怕大年夜趕不回去，就爬車(chē)窗。按常規(guī)，月臺(tái)上的值勤人員怕他出事，一定要拉他下來(lái)，車(chē)上的人一準(zhǔn)也要把他往外推。但此刻忽然反過(guò)來(lái)，車(chē)上的人一起往窗里拉他，月臺(tái)上值勤人員則用力把他推進(jìn)車(chē)窗。那一刻，車(chē)上車(chē)下的人連同那中年男子都開(kāi)心地笑，列車(chē)就載著這些笑臉轟隆隆開(kāi)走了。為什么？因?yàn)槿藗冇兄餐那閼选丶疫^(guò)年。

　　I still remember an incident I witnessed at a railway station a few years ago. It was probably the day before the Eve of the Lunar New Year. A short, thin middle-aged man was hurrying to catch a train home. As it was about to leave, all its doors closed, the man became so desperate that he began to climb in at a window, fearing that if he missed it, he would not be able to get home in time for the New Year's Eve. Usually, the platform workers on duty will pull him back for his safety, and the passengers in the car will push him out. But what happened was the reverse. The passengers inside began to drag him in, while the platform workers helped to push him in from outside. The small adventure evoked hearty laughs in and out of the car, including the adventurer himself. The train rumbled off, the car carrying a crowd of passengers with broad smiles on their faces. Why? It is the common sentimental desire – to go home for the Festival.

　　為此，每每望著春運(yùn)期間人滿為患的機(jī)場(chǎng)、車(chē)站和排成長(zhǎng)龍的購(gòu)票隊(duì)伍，我都會(huì)為年文化在中國(guó)人身上這種刻骨銘心而感動(dòng)。春運(yùn)的人潮所洋溢的不正是年文化的精神核心——合家團(tuán)聚嗎？還有哪一種文化能夠一年一度調(diào)動(dòng)起如此動(dòng)情的千軍萬(wàn)馬？能夠凸顯故鄉(xiāng)和家庭如此強(qiáng)大的親和力？

　　So, when I find myself in an overcrowded airport or a railway station with long queues scrambling for tickets, I am simply moved by the festival culture deeply engraved in the minds of the people. Isn't the enthusiasm exhibited by the eddying crowds the core of the festive culture – family reunion? Is there any other culture that can set so many people on the move around the country once a year who demonstrated so strong a sense of affinity with their hometowns and families?

　　春運(yùn)是超大規(guī)模的農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工帶來(lái)的，沒(méi)錯(cuò)。但它又是近二十年出現(xiàn)的最獨(dú)特的一種文化現(xiàn)象。因?yàn)槊耖g文化是生活文化，它往往從生活的形態(tài)而非從純文化的形態(tài)中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，所以我們不會(huì)一下子認(rèn)識(shí)到春運(yùn)的文化內(nèi)涵。

　　"Spring transport" is brought about by the people from the country for employment in the cities. There is no doubt about it. But it is also a unique cultural phenomenon that has emerged in the past two decades. As folk culture reflects people's lives and is represented in the form of everyday life rather than of pure culture, we are not aware of its cultural connotations right away.

　　由此，我想到前些年每逢春節(jié)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)話題，就是年的淡化。淡化的原因有二，一是生活方式的驟變，致使數(shù)千年里超穩(wěn)定的生活中形成的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)哪晡幕山饬?，而一時(shí)又難以構(gòu)成新的年文化體系，淡化的現(xiàn)象必然出現(xiàn)；二是由于我們對(duì)年文化的無(wú)知，把傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗視為陳規(guī)舊習(xí)，認(rèn)為可有可無(wú)，主動(dòng)放棄，如燃放煙花炮竹和祭祖等等；甚至提倡休閑度假，或把春節(jié)變成西方的嘉年華。失去了民俗的節(jié)日自然變得稀松平常。特別是有些民俗深刻嵌在人們的記憶里，一旦扔掉，無(wú)以填補(bǔ)。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，這種主動(dòng)地去瓦解自己的文化才是最致命的。記得十多年前看過(guò)一篇文章說(shuō)，未來(lái)的春節(jié)將成為五花八門(mén)的多元節(jié)日之一，并預(yù)言它將不再是主角。

　　This reminds me of a topic coming up during Spring Festival in the past few years: the festive atmosphere of the Lunar New Year is thinning out. I think there are two possible causes for it. One is the change of life style, so fast that the well-fabricated festival culture, established on the basis of the super-stable life over the past several thousand years, is relaxing, and it is difficult to reconstruct a new one in a short time. The other is that, due to our misconceptions about the festival culture, we look at traditional customs as outmoded practices and cast them aside of our own accord, such as celebrations with fireworks and firecrackers, and sacrifices to ancestors, etc. Some people even advocate celebrating it as a leisure break, or simply transforming it into a western carnival. A festival without folk customs would naturally become prosaic, especially the ones embedded in people's memory. Once they are cast aside, you cannot find substitutes for them. I should like to say that the breaking up of our culture by our won hand is most fatal. I remember an article I read about a decade ago, which predicted that the Spring Festival would become one of the multifarious festivals, and it would cease to be the annual principal one in China.

　　可是就在這時(shí)，春運(yùn)形成了。五星級(jí)酒店里、歌舞廳和酒吧里、高爾夫球場(chǎng)上可以不要春節(jié)，但人們心中“年的情結(jié)”依然執(zhí)著，而且每逢春節(jié)就必然吐蕊開(kāi)花——回家過(guò)年，親人相聚，脫舊穿新，祈安道福，以心親吻鄉(xiāng)土里的根。由于那時(shí)沒(méi)有看到春運(yùn)人潮中的文化心理與文化需求，也就想不到在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期怎樣去保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)，想不到在傳統(tǒng)的年俗出現(xiàn)松解時(shí)應(yīng)該做些什么?，F(xiàn)在明白了，年在人們心里并沒(méi)有淡化，淡化的只是傳統(tǒng)的方式與形態(tài)。

　　Just at this time, however, "Spring transport" came about. You can do without Spring Festival in five-star hotels, dance halls or bars, or on golf courses, but in the hearts of the people the festival complex still holds fast. When the Lunar New Year comes, the festival complex will be budding and blooming. People will go home to celebrate it and reunite with their families. They will wear new clothes, pray for a peaceful happy life and kiss the earth of their hometown. Because we did not understand their cultural psychology and failed to meet their cultural needs, we had no idea how to preserve traditions when society was undergoing transformation and what to do when some traditional festival customs were thinning out. Now we understand that, in the hearts of the people, the Spring Festival is not thinning out; what is thinning out is the declining old ways and forms of celebrations.