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鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略

21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，中共中央持續(xù)加大對(duì)農(nóng)村的扶持力度，堅(jiān)持把農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民問(wèn)題作為黨工作的重中之重。從2003年起，連續(xù)15年中央一號(hào)文件均聚焦于農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民（即“三農(nóng)”）問(wèn)題。黨的十七大和十八大也分別提出城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌和城鄉(xiāng)一體化的發(fā)展思路，對(duì)于推動(dòng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展、增加農(nóng)民收入起到重要作用。同時(shí)，我國(guó)最大的發(fā)展不平衡，仍然是城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡； 最大發(fā)展的不充分，仍然是農(nóng)村發(fā)展的不充分。黨的十九大報(bào)告首次提出實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的新發(fā)展理念，并將其確定為決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)需要堅(jiān)定實(shí)施的七大戰(zhàn)略之一。

鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略強(qiáng)調(diào)，要堅(jiān)持農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村優(yōu)先發(fā)展，按照產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、生態(tài)宜居、鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明、治理有效、生活富裕的總要求，建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制和政策體系，加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。鄉(xiāng)村振興的關(guān)鍵和重點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)業(yè)振興。實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略需要全面深化農(nóng)村改革，鞏固和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度，深化農(nóng)村土地制度改革，完善承包地“三權(quán)”分置制度；保持土地承包關(guān)系穩(wěn)定并長(zhǎng)久不變，第二輪土地承包到期后再延長(zhǎng)30年；深化農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革，保障農(nóng)民財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益，壯大集體經(jīng)濟(jì)；確保國(guó)家糧食安全，把中國(guó)人的飯碗牢牢端在自己手中；構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系、生產(chǎn)體系、經(jīng)營(yíng)體系，完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)制度，發(fā)展多種形式適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體，健全農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)小農(nóng)戶(hù)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機(jī)銜接。實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略同時(shí)也需要有強(qiáng)大的科技和人才支撐，為此要促進(jìn)農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，支持和鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，拓寬增收渠道；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層基礎(chǔ)工作，健全自治、法治、德治相結(jié)合的鄉(xiāng)村治理體系；培養(yǎng)造就一支懂農(nóng)業(yè)、愛(ài)農(nóng)村、愛(ài)農(nóng)民的“三農(nóng)”工作隊(duì)伍。

Strategy for rural revitalization 

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Party Central Committee has continued to step up its support for rural communities. Issues concerning agriculture, rural development and the wellbeing of farmers now top the agenda of the Party. In the past 15 years since 2003, the first document issued by the central authority during each calendar year had always a rural focus. Plans for integrated urban-rural development were proposed in the reports to the 17th and 18th CPC National Congresses, providing an important boost to agricultural development and farmers’ income.

Meanwhile, the urban-rural imbalance remains the most serious imbalance, and rural development remains the most serious development challenge. A rural revitalization strategy was thus unveiled for the first time in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress as one of the seven strategies for reaching the goal of building a moderately prosperous society. 

The strategy emphasizes the importance of rural development, including the need to develop rural businesses, create a pleasant living environment, promote civility and effective governance, and improve the living standards of rural residents. To this end, enabling mechanisms and policies are needed to promote integrated urban-rural development, and speed up rural modernization. The key to rural revitalization is developing rural businesses.

The strategy calls for in-depth rural reform to improve the basic rural economic structure. Especially important is rural land tenure reform aimed at separating ownership rights, contract rights, and the right to use contracted rural land. Rural land contracting practices will remain unchanged; and existing contracts will be extended for another 30 years upon expiration. Reform of the rural collective ownership system will proceed to safeguard property rights of rural residents, and strengthen the collective economy. 

It is crucial to always have control over our own food supply so as to ensure China’s food security. We will establish or improve mechanisms that encourage the development of modern rural businesses, promote agricultural production and best management practices, and provide support and protection for agriculture. It is also important to encourage the development of various types of economies of scale, modernize the rural structure, improve specialized agricultural services, and better align smallholder farming and the development of modern agriculture. 

Rural revitalization would not materialize without the support of science and technology or without effective talent management. Integrated development of industry, agriculture and the service sector is essential in rural areas. We will support and encourage employment creation and entrepreneurship, and promote and encourage more income generating activities. It is important to strengthen basic services in rural communities, and enhance rural governance by improving self-governance mechanisms and promoting the rule of law and ethical standards. It is also important to build a team of rural development professionals well versed in agricultural science and having an affinity with rural areas and the people there.